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About Acne, itsTypes & Symptoms
What is Acne?
Acne is a chronic disorder of the hair follicles and sebaceous
glands. Some of the characteristics of acne include black heads,
pimples, cysts, infected abscesses, and rarely scarring. Acne
usually occurs during adolescence in both men and women. To be more
specific, acne starts during puberty and tends to get worse for
people with oily skin. Acne badly affects teenage boys. Only mild
to moderate forms of acne occur in middle-aged women. Acne can be
seen most commonly on the face. The other places where it can occur
include the neck, chest, back, shoulders, scalp, and upper arms and
legs. Most forms of acne are the result of heredity and hormonal
problems and has nothing to do with a harmful diet or poor
hygiene.
Types of acne
Acne starts in a similar way for all but can take different
forms and can react in a unique way according to the body
conditions of the individual. A basic lesion called the comedo is
the begining of acne. The comedo is an enlarged hair follicle
plugged with oil and bacteria residing under the surface of your
skin, that waits for the right conditions to grow into an inflamed
lesion. Whenever the skin produces more oil, the bacteria grows
within the swollen follicle. The surrounding skin becomes
increasingly inflamed as your white blood cells fight against the
intruders. Two main types of acne include non-inflammatory acne and
inflammatory acne.
Non-inflammatory acne
Closed comedo:
If the plugged follicle stays below the surface of the skin, the
lesion is called a closed comedo. This usually appears on the skin
as small, whitish bumps. This condition is otherwise called as
whitehead.
Open comedo :
If the plug enlarges and pushes through the surface of the skin,
the lesion is called an open comedo. The dark appearance of the
plug is not due to dirt, but due to the buildup of melanin, the
pigmentation element of the skin. This condition is otherwise
called as blackhead.
Inflammatory acne
Papule:
This appears on the skin as a small, firm pink bump. The papules
are tender in nature and are often considered an intermediary step
between non-inflammatory and clearly inflammatory lesions.
Pustule:
These are small round lesions that are inflamed and contain
visible pus, which appear red at the base with a yellowish or
whitish center. Pustules do not contain a large amount of bacteria.
The inflammation is caused by chemical irritation from sebum
components such as fatty free acids.
Cyst:
These are large pus-filled lesions that are usually present deep
within the skin. The cysts are very painful lesions, as they are
inflamed. Cysts form as a result of the contents of a comedo
spilling over the surrounding skin and due to the response of the
local immune system in producing pus. The cysts often leave deep
scars.
Acne conglobata:
This is a rare but serious form of inflammatory acne that
develops primarily on the back, buttocks, and chest. In addition,
to the presence of pustules and cysts, there may be severe
bacterial infection.
Symptoms
The common symptoms of acne include persistent, recurrent red
spots or swellings on the skin known as pimples. The pimples become
inflamed and get filled with pus. The pimples usually occur on the
face, chest, shoulders, neck, or upper portion of the back. Some of
the other symptoms include dark spots with open pores at the
center, which are known as blackheads, bulged spots under the skin
without openings, which are known as whiteheads, and red swellings
or lumps filled with pus, which are known as pustules. The pustules
can develop from blackheads or whiteheads. Inflamed fluid-filled
lumps under the skin known as cysts are also a symptom of acne.
These cysts can become as large as an inch across.
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